![]() Assess and manage any associated bleeding.Administer intravenous fluids and blood products as necessary.Continuous fetal monitoring to assess fetal well-being.Monitor maternal vital signs and assess for signs of shock.The following are the nursing priorities for patients with placental abruption: Immediate actions may involve initiating emergency measures, such as administering oxygen, establishing intravenous access, and preparing for an emergency cesarean section if necessary. This includes monitoring vital signs, uterine contractions, and fetal heart rate, as well as assessing for signs of maternal and fetal distress. The nursing care plan and management for patients with placental abruption focus on timely recognition, assessment, and intervention. Administer Medications and Provide Pharmacologic Support Blood and clotting factor replacement may be needed because of DIC. The treatment of choice, immediate cesarean birth, is performed because of the risk for maternal shock, clotting disorders, and fetal death. Frequent, cramp-like uterine contractions often occur. The client’s uterus is tender and unusually firm or boardlike. ![]() Obvious dark red vaginal bleeding occurs when blood leaks past the edge of the placenta. ![]() Most or all of the bleeding may be concealed behind the placenta. It can also be caused by maternal folate deficiency and chorioamnionitis or the infection of the fetal membranes and fluid.īleeding accompanied by abdominal or low back pain is typical of a placental abruption. ![]() The primary cause of placental abruption is unknown, but certain predisposing factors are high parity, advanced maternal age, a short umbilical cord, chronic hypertensive disease, hypertension of pregnancy, direct trauma, vasoconstriction from cocaine or cigarette use, and thrombophilic conditions that lead to thrombosis formation. The separation generally occurs late in pregnancy, even as late as during the first or second stage of labor. It may be partial or total it may be marginal (separating at the edges) or central (separating in the middle). Placental abruption (also known as abruptio placenta or the premature separation of the placenta) occurs when the placenta appears to have been implanted correctly but begins to separate suddenly, which results in bleeding. ![]()
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